Ngo-2023, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngokushesha njengoba abakhiqizi befuna ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, izindleko eziphansi, nokuguquguquka okukhulu kuyo yonke imiqeqesho yokuhlinzekwa. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi edijithali, izinto ezithuthukisiwe, kanye ne-automation kuguqula indlela imikhiqizo eyenzelwa ngayo, yenziwa izibonelo, futhi yandiswa. Lesi sivunguvungu sihlanganisa izindawo ezibalulekile—ukukhiqiza okungeziwe, ukukhiqiza ngamaselula, izinhlelo zedijithali ezimbili, kanye namasu okukhiqiza okunembayo—ezidinga ukuthi amabhizinisi azihlole ukuze ahlale enokuncintisana. Ukuqonda lezi zimo kusiza abaholi bokuthenga, ubunjiniyela, kanye nokusebenza ukuthi babeke phambili izimali eziletha inzuzo ecacile. Ezinkampanini ezifana nabakhiqizi bezingubo ezigxile kwezokugqoka ezisebenza kakhulu, ukuxhumanisa ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo nokukhiqiza ngobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuhlanganisiwe kunikeza indlela ecacile yokufinyelela emakethe ngokushesha kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ethuthukisiwe.

Izinto eziningi ezinkulu zishukumisa ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obusha bokukhiqiza ngo-2023, okubandakanya ukumelana kwezinto ezithunyelwa, isidingo sokwenza izinto ngendlela oyifisayo, kanye nezimfuno zokusimama. Ukukhiqiza okungeziwe kanye nokuphrinta kwe-3D kunika abaklami amandla okuguquguquka ngokushesha nokukhiqiza izingxenye ezincane, ezinokubaluleka okuphezulu ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokulinda zamathuluzi endabuko. Ukuhlelwa kokukhiqiza ngamaseli kunciphisa ukuphathwa kwezinto zokwakha futhi kunciphise izikhathi zokujikeleza ngokuhlela izindawo zokusebenza ngamaseli amancane, anezinjongo eziningi agxile emikhakheni ethile yemikhiqizo. Ukwanda kwe-digital twin kanye ne-Industry 4.0 architectures kuvumela ukubonakala ngesikhathi sangempela kuzo zonke imigqa yokukhiqiza, kuthuthukisa ukubikezela kanye nokugcinwa kokuvimbela. Ekugcineni, izindlela ezifana ne-tailor welded blanks ensimbi noma izindwangu ezixubile zinciphisa ukuchithwa kwezinto zokwakha futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza komzimba emikhiqizweni yokugcina.

Ubuchwepheshe obuzenzakalelayo buhlala bungumongo wobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza besimanje njengoba izinkampani zihlose ukukhulisa ikhwalithi ngenkathi zilawula izindleko zabasebenzi nokuhluka. Ama-robot, izimoto eziholwa ngokuzenzakalelayo (ama-AGV), kanye nama-conveyor ahlakaniphile ahlangana nezinhlelo zokuphatha ukukhiqiza (ama-MES) ukuze kulawulwe imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho kuhlangana nezimiso zokukhiqiza ngamaselula, ubuchwepheshe obuzenzakalelayo buletha ukukhiqiza okuphezulu ngamaselula angaguquguquka ukuze enziwe kabusha ngama-SKU amasha. Ubuchwepheshe obuzenzakalelayo buphinde bukhulise ukulandelelwa: izinzwa kanye nezilawuli ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ziqopha imingcele yenqubo ephakelayo ekuhlaziyweni kwekhwalithi kanye nemibiko yokuhambisana. Ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza izingubo zokusebenza noma izingubo zobuchwepheshe, ukusika okuzenzakalelayo, usizo lokuthunga, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola kunciphisa amaphutha futhi kusheshe ukudluliswa kusuka kuphrojekthi yesibonelo kuye ekukhiqizeni.

I-AI ne-machine learning ziguqula indlela abakhiqizi abenza ngayo izinqubo zabo futhi babikezela ukwehluleka kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza. Amamodeli okuhlaziya okubikezelayo aqeqeshwe ngedatha yezinqubo ezedlule angakwazi ukukhomba izinguquko ezicashile ekuziphatheni kwemishini, okuvumela amaqembu okugcinwa ukuthi angenelele ngaphambi kokuba kube nezingozi. Amathuluzi okuhlela ahlinzekwa yi-machine learning enza ukwabiwa kwezinsiza kube kahle kakhulu ezindaweni zokukhiqiza zamaseli nemigqa yokuhlanganisa amamodeli ahlukahlukene, kuthuthukiswe ukulethwa ngesikhathi futhi kuncishiswe izithiyo. Izinhlelo zokubona ngekhompyutha ezisekelwa yi-AI zinika amandla ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ngesikhathi sangempela okudlula ukungaguquguquki komuntu kweziphambeko ezicashile, okuyinzuzo enkulu emikhiqizweni ephezulu. Ngokubambisana, lezi zici zinciphisa amazinga okuchitha, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi kuthuthukisa isivuno sokuphasa kokuqala ekusebenzeni kokukhiqiza.

Ukwaziswa manje kuyingxenye ebalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, akusona nje isitatimende sokumaketha. Izindlela ezifana nokukhiqiza okungeziweyo zinciphisa ukuchithwa kwezinto ngokwakha izingxenye ungqimba ngalunye, okungafani kakhulu nezindlela ezisusekayo. Amabhilidi ashisiwe ngokwezifiso namasu okubeka kahle anciphisa ukuchithwa futhi avumela imihlangano elula, eqinile edinga okokufaka okuncane kakhulu sezizonke. Ukukhiqiza ngamaselula kunganciphisa amabanga okuthutha ngaphakathi kwesikhungo futhi kunciphise isitoko ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifanele ngesikhathi esifanele, kunciphisa kokubili ukukhishwa kanye nezidingo zemali esebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadodana edijithali kanye nokulinganisa inqubo kuvumela amaqembu ukuthi ahlolwe izinguquko zokonga amandla ngendlela ebonakalayo ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa esitezi, okuletha ukuncipha okulinganisekayo ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni kanye nezindleko zokusebenza.

Izibonelo zangempela zibonisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buguqulela kanjani kumnotho wokuncintisana. Umkhiqizi wezingubo eziphezulu owahlanganisa ukuzenzela kanye nokuhlola okushayelwa yi-AI wehlise amazinga okungapheleli kakhulu kunezingxenye ngenkathi kwandisa ukukhiqiza; inkampani iphinde yasebenzisa ukuphrinta kwe-3D ukuze kwenziwe izibonelo ezisheshayo zezinto ezintsha nezingxenye. Umphakeli wezimoto wethula izinto ezihlangene ngendlela efanele kanye nokuhlanganisa okusekelwe ku-laser ukuze kuncishiswe isisindo sezinto ezihlangene futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwezingozi, okuphumelele izinzuzo zokonga uphethiloli kumakhasimende ezimoto. Ifektri enye ephakathi nendawo yamukela ukukhiqiza ngamaselula okuhlanganiswe nokuqapha i-digital twin, okwehlise izikhathi zokuqala futhi kwenza lula ukushintsha imigqa yemikhiqizo yesizini. Lezi zindaba zibonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganisa izinguquko zenqubo nokutshalwa kwezimali kwamasiko nokuqeqeshwa kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe izinzuzo ezizinzile.

Ngokubheka phambili, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buzoqhubeka nokugcizelela ukuba yingxenye, ukusebenza okusekelwe kudatha, nezinto ezizinzile. Ukukhiqiza okungeziwe kuzokwanda kusukela ekwenzeni amamodeli kuya ezingxenyeni ezinkulu ngokusebenzisa amaphrinta asheshayo amaningi ezinto kanye nezindlela zokucubungula ezikwazi ukukala. Ukukhiqiza kwamaseli kuzothuthuka ngezixazululo zokuzenzakalela ezixhunywa kalula ezivumela ukuguqulwa okusheshayo kwethulwa kwemikhiqizo emisha kanye nokwenza kube ngokwakho ngesikali. Izimiso zedijithali ezihlangene zizoba lula ukufinyelelwa ezinkampanini ezincane naphakathi, okuvumela ukulinganisa okusekelwe efwini kanye nezinsizakalo zokuthuthukisa ezikude. Ekugcineni, ukubambisana phakathi kwezimboni kuzosheshisa ukwamukelwa kwezindlela zokuhlanganisa ezithuthukile njengama-tailor welded blanks ezigabeni ezibanzi zemikhiqizo, okwandisa izinzuzo zokusebenza kahle kwezinto ngale kwezimboni ezijwayelekile.

Qala ngokuhlola izinqubo zamanje, ukuvuthwa kwedatha, namakhono abasebenzi ukuze unqume ukulungela ukutshala imali kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza. Setha imigomo ecacile, eyalingisekayo njengezinhloso zokunciphisa isikhathi somjikelezo, amaphesenti okuchithwa, noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Amaphrojekthi okuqala—izivivinyo ezigxilile, ezinesikhathi esinqunyelwe—avumela izinhlangano ukuthi ziqinisekise ubuchwepheshe obufana nokukhiqiza okungeziwe noma ukuhlola okushukumiswe yi-AI ngaphandle kokuzibophezela okukhulu kwezimali. Bandakanya amaqembu asebenza emikhakheni ehlukahlukene okubandakanya ubunjiniyela, imisebenzi, nokuthenga ukuze kuvunyelwane ngezinketho zobuchwepheshe nezidingo zomkhiqizo kanye nezimakethe. Beka isabelomali hhayi kuphela imishini kodwa futhi nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, imibhalo yezinqubo, nokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ushintsho oluzinzile.

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphumelelayo, khulisa kancane kancane ngenkathi ulandela ama-KPI njengokusebenza kahle kwemishini yonke (OEE), isivuno sokuqala, nesikhathi sokuhola. Sebenzisa izimiso zokukhiqiza ngamaselula ukuhlela kabusha imigqa ukuze kube ukugeleza nokuguquguquka, futhi usebenzise amamodeli edijithali amabili ukuze uqinisekise izinguquko zokuhlelwa ngaphambi kokulungiswa ngokomzimba. Faka ukukhiqiza okungeziwe ngamasu kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezivolumu ephansi lapho izindleko zamathuluzi zingavimbela khona. Uma wamukela izikhala ezishiselwe ngokwezifiso noma amanye amasu okonga izinto, sebenza eduze nabahlinzeki ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza okuhlangene nokuqhubeka kokuhlinzekwa. Imicikilisho yokuthuthukisa eqhubekayo, esekelwa yi-AI analytics, izoveza amathuba engeziwe okwenza kahle njengoba izinhlelo zivuthwa.

Ukukhetha umkhiqizi ofanele kungasheshisa ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe futhi kunciphise ubungozi. Abahlinzeki abasunguliwe abanolwazi ezintweni zokusebenza baqonda inkinga yokuhlanganisa phakathi komklamo womkhiqizo nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza. Bavame ukuhlinzeka ngezifanekiso zenqubo ezivivinyiwe, ukwesekwa kokuqinisekiswa, kanye nezixhumanisi zokuhlinzekwa ezisunguliwe ezinciphisa isikhathi sokukhuphuka. Ezinkampanini ezifuna izingubo zokugqoka noma izingubo zobuchwepheshe, ukubambisana nabakhiqizi abangabonisa amakhono kuwo wonke umshini, ukuqapha kwedijithali, kanye nokuthola izinto ezizinzile kunikeza isiphakamiso senani elinamandla. Ukuhlola umngane onokwethenjwa onolwazi lomhlaba wonke ekukhiqizeni izingubo zokusebenza, sicela ucabangele ukuvakashela amakhasi asekhaya noma emikhiqizo ukuthola imininingwane eningiliziwe yenkampani kanye nohlu lwemikhiqizo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bango-2023 bubonisa ithuba elicacile: izinkampani ezihlanganisa ukuzenzela, i-AI, ukukhiqiza okungeziwe, kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza zamaseli zizothuthukisa ukuncintisana nokusimama. Abaholi kufanele babeke phambili izivivinyo, batshale imali ekuthuthukisweni kwabasebenzi, futhi babambisane nabakhiqizi abanolwazi ukuze bafeze izinzuzo ngokushesha. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngokusebenzisa izibuyekezo ezivela embonini ezithembekile kanye nezindaba zabathengisi kusiza amaqembu ukuthi abone izinto ezintsha futhi agweme amaphutha abizayo. Ezinhlanganweni ezifuna ukwazi kabanzi ngamakhono abalingani, izitifiketi, kanye nemikhiqizo enikezwayo, buyekeza amakhasi athi "Mayelana Nathi" kanye "Neziyalezo" ukuze uthole imininingwane yangemuva kanye nentuthuko yakamuva, futhi uxhumane ngohlelo lokuxhumana ukuze sixoxe ngamathuba okubambisana.

Izinsiza ezengeziwe nezigaba ezilandelayo zihlanganisa ukulinganisa imisebenzi yamanje nabaqhubi bemboni, ukuqhuba izivivinyo eziqondisiwe zobuchwepheshe njengokuphrinta kwe-3D namabhuloki ashisiwe ngokukhethekile, nokuthuthukisa uhlelo oluhlela ukutshalwa kwezimali ukuletha ukunqoba okusheshayo. Ukwamukela lobu buchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ngendlela ecatshangelwe kahle kuzodala ukuthuthukiswa okulinganisekayo ezindlekweni, ikhwalithi, nasekugcineni, kuyilapho kubeka ibhizinisi lakho ukukhula kwesikhathi eside emakethe enokuncintisana ngokwengeziwe.